Sangha

Definition

Sangha refers to the Buddhist community of monks, nuns, and laypeople who practice the teachings of Buddha. This term is significant as it embodies the collective effort of individuals working towards enlightenment and the preservation of Buddhist teachings, particularly in regions where Buddhism flourished, such as Bagan in Myanmar. The sangha serves as a crucial support system for followers, providing guidance, spiritual education, and a shared sense of purpose in cultivating wisdom and compassion.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In Bagan, the sangha played a vital role in establishing and maintaining numerous pagodas and temples, acting as centers for spiritual learning and community gatherings.
2. The support of the sangha was essential for the promotion of Buddhist art and architecture in Bagan, influencing local culture through their teachings and practices.
3. Monks within the sangha traditionally followed a strict code of conduct known as the Vinaya, which governs their daily lives and interactions with laypeople.
4. The sangha in Bagan often engaged in community service, such as providing education and healthcare, thus enhancing their role beyond just spiritual leadership.
5. Laypeople supported the sangha through offerings and donations, creating a symbiotic relationship that helped sustain both monastic communities and the wider practice of Buddhism.

Review Questions

• How did the sangha influence the development of Buddhist art and architecture in Bagan?
  • The sangha had a profound impact on Buddhist art and architecture in Bagan by promoting religious values that were expressed through temple construction and sacred images. Monks acted as patrons for many projects, guiding craftsmen in creating structures that reflected Buddhist ideals. These monuments became important sites for worship and learning, enhancing the cultural landscape of Bagan while solidifying the presence of Buddhism in the region.
• Discuss the role of the sangha in supporting laypeople's spiritual practices in Bagan.
  • The sangha served as a vital support system for laypeople's spiritual practices in Bagan by offering teachings, rituals, and guidance. Monks led meditation sessions, provided sermons on Dharma, and facilitated important religious ceremonies. This interaction not only helped laypeople deepen their understanding of Buddhist principles but also fostered a sense of community centered around shared beliefs and values.
• Evaluate the impact of the sangha on the social structure within Bagan during its peak period.
  • The presence of the sangha significantly shaped the social structure within Bagan by establishing a hierarchical system where monks held considerable authority and respect. Their influence extended beyond religious practices into social matters, as they were often consulted on issues affecting the community. This led to a unique dynamic where the sangha acted as both spiritual leaders and social figures, facilitating a cohesive society grounded in Buddhist ethics while promoting stability and order throughout Bagan.

Related terms

Buddhism:

A religion and philosophy based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha), emphasizing the path to enlightenment through practices like meditation, ethical conduct, and mindfulness.

Theravada: One of the oldest forms of Buddhism, primarily practiced in Southeast Asia, focusing on the original teachings of the Buddha and the importance of monastic life.

Dharma: The teachings and laws for ethical conduct and moral order in Buddhism, which guide practitioners on their path to enlightenment.