Peritoneal dialysis

Definition

Peritoneal dialysis is a medical treatment that uses the lining of the abdomen, known as the peritoneum, as a filter to remove waste and excess fluid from the blood. This process involves introducing a special dialysis solution into the abdominal cavity through a catheter, allowing the peritoneum to act as a natural filter, which facilitates the exchange of waste products and electrolytes. This treatment is an alternative to hemodialysis and is beneficial for patients who need regular kidney function support.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Peritoneal dialysis can be done at home and provides greater flexibility for patients compared to in-center hemodialysis.
2. The procedure typically involves a series of exchanges where fresh dialysis solution is infused into the abdomen and then drained after a period of time.
3. Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis must maintain a sterile environment to prevent infections such as peritonitis.
4. There are two main types of peritoneal dialysis: Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD), which is done manually, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD), which uses a machine.
5. Peritoneal dialysis can be tailored to fit individual patient needs, allowing adjustments in the volume and type of dialysis solution used.

Review Questions

• How does peritoneal dialysis utilize the body's natural anatomy to facilitate waste removal?
  • Peritoneal dialysis leverages the peritoneum, a membrane lining the abdominal cavity, as a natural filter to remove waste and excess fluid from the blood. By introducing a specialized dialysis solution into the abdomen, the peritoneum enables the diffusion and osmosis processes to take place, allowing harmful substances to pass from the bloodstream into the solution. This method capitalizes on the body's own structures to perform essential kidney functions.
• Compare and contrast Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) with Automated Peritoneal Dialysis (APD) regarding their procedures and patient lifestyle impacts.
  • CAPD requires patients to perform manual exchanges throughout the day, giving them control over their treatment but also demanding more time and effort. In contrast, APD uses a machine to automate exchanges typically during nighttime while patients sleep, providing convenience and freeing up daytime hours. While both methods achieve similar goals in managing kidney function, APD can enhance patient quality of life by reducing daily burdens.
• Evaluate the potential risks associated with peritoneal dialysis and how these risks impact patient choice in kidney treatment options.
  • Peritoneal dialysis carries risks such as infections like peritonitis, catheter-related complications, and issues with fluid balance. These risks can significantly impact patient choice as individuals weigh their desire for autonomy and home treatment against potential complications. The decision often hinges on patients' health conditions, lifestyle preferences, and their willingness to manage risks effectively while adhering to a treatment regimen that promotes their overall well-being.

Related terms

Dialysis:

A medical procedure that removes waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so.

Catheter: A thin tube inserted into the body for various medical purposes, including the delivery of dialysis solution in peritoneal dialysis.

Exchange: The process of filling and draining the dialysis solution in peritoneal dialysis, which allows for waste removal and fluid balance.