Dharma

Definition

Dharma refers to the moral law or duty that governs an individual's conduct in both Buddhism and Hinduism. It encompasses a broad range of meanings, including righteousness, ethical behavior, and the responsibilities one holds based on their position in society. Dharma plays a crucial role in guiding actions and decisions, emphasizing balance, duty, and the pursuit of truth across various aspects of life.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In Hinduism, dharma is often associated with the concept of varna (social classes) and ashrama (stages of life), where individuals have specific duties based on their societal role.
2. Buddhism emphasizes dharma as the teachings of the Buddha, which guide practitioners toward enlightenment and understanding of reality.
3. Dharma can change depending on circumstances; what is considered right for one person may not be for another based on context and their individual responsibilities.
4. Following one's dharma leads to harmony in society, as it encourages individuals to act according to their roles and duties, contributing to the overall order of life.
5. The concept of dharma also extends to environmental ethics, where living in accordance with nature and respecting all living beings is seen as an essential aspect of fulfilling one's duty.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of dharma influence ethical decision-making in both Buddhism and Hinduism?
  • Dharma serves as a guiding principle for ethical decision-making in both religions by outlining what is considered right or wrong based on an individual's duties and responsibilities. In Hinduism, dharma is closely linked to social roles and obligations, while in Buddhism, it relates to following the teachings of the Buddha. By adhering to dharma, practitioners are encouraged to consider the consequences of their actions on themselves and others, leading to moral choices that promote harmony and balance.
• Discuss the ways in which dharma is interconnected with the concepts of karma and moksha within Hindu philosophy.
  • In Hindu philosophy, dharma is intrinsically linked to karma and moksha. Following one's dharma leads to good karma, which influences future lives positively. It creates a cycle where fulfilling duties according to dharma ultimately contributes to achieving moksha—the liberation from samsara. Thus, fulfilling dharma is not only about ethical conduct but also about progressing towards spiritual freedom by creating a favorable karmic path.
• Evaluate how the interpretation of dharma might vary among individuals within different social classes or cultural backgrounds in South Asia.
  • The interpretation of dharma can vary widely among individuals based on their social class or cultural background due to differing responsibilities and societal roles. In South Asia, the varna system delineates specific duties for each caste, influencing how individuals perceive their responsibilities. Additionally, cultural practices may redefine what it means to fulfill one's dharma in various regions. This diversity highlights the complexity of dharma as a concept that must adapt to individual circumstances while still aiming for ethical living and societal harmony.

Related terms

Karma: Karma is the principle of cause and effect, where an individual's actions influence their future, impacting their fate and experiences in this life and future lives.

Moksha: Moksha is the liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara) that is sought in both Hinduism and Buddhism, often achieved through understanding one's dharma.

Samsara:

Samsara is the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth that all beings experience, which is influenced by one's actions (karma) and adherence to dharma.