Popular sovereignty

Definition

Popular sovereignty is the principle that the authority of a government is created and sustained by the consent of its people, through their elected representatives. This concept is fundamental to both state and federal constitutions, as it emphasizes that the power to govern derives from the will of the governed. It reflects the idea that citizens are not just subjects of the government but active participants in shaping laws and policies that affect their lives.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Popular sovereignty was a key principle during the drafting of both the U.S. Constitution and many state constitutions, emphasizing the need for governmental legitimacy derived from the people's consent.
2. The concept played a significant role in debates over slavery in the 19th century, particularly in determining whether new territories would be free or slave states based on the will of their inhabitants.
3. State constitutions often explicitly declare popular sovereignty, affirming that governmental power is sourced from the people and that they have the right to alter or abolish their government if it becomes destructive.
4. The principle underpins various democratic processes, such as elections and referendums, where citizens have direct input into legislation and governance.
5. Judicial interpretations of popular sovereignty have evolved over time, impacting landmark Supreme Court cases that address issues like civil rights and state powers.

Review Questions

• How does popular sovereignty influence the relationship between state governments and their citizens?
  • Popular sovereignty creates a direct connection between state governments and their citizens by asserting that government authority arises from the people's consent. This principle encourages active civic engagement, as citizens are empowered to influence legislation through voting and other forms of participation. It also holds state governments accountable, as they must reflect the will of their constituents to maintain legitimacy and avoid losing public support.
• In what ways did popular sovereignty shape the debates surrounding slavery in the United States during the 19th century?
  • During the 19th century, popular sovereignty became a contentious issue in discussions about whether new territories should allow slavery. Proponents argued that settlers should decide for themselves through voting, while opponents viewed this approach as morally flawed. The Kansas-Nebraska Act exemplified this tension, leading to violence and conflict in 'Bleeding Kansas,' demonstrating how the principle could lead to significant political strife when people's opinions sharply divided on crucial moral issues.
• Evaluate how the interpretation of popular sovereignty has changed over time in relation to civil rights movements in the United States.
  • The interpretation of popular sovereignty has evolved significantly, particularly during key civil rights movements. Initially centered on states' rights, it faced challenges as marginalized groups fought for recognition and equality. Landmark Supreme Court cases, like Brown v. Board of Education, redefined popular sovereignty to include protection for individual rights against majority rule. This shift has underscored that while majority consent is vital, it must not infringe upon fundamental rights, ensuring that all voices are heard in a truly democratic society.

Related terms

Social Contract: A theoretical agreement among individuals to form a government and abide by its rules, emphasizing mutual consent and shared governance.

Federalism:

A system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states, allowing for local self-governance.

Democracy: A form of government in which power is vested in the people, who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives.