American Revolution

Definition

The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that took place between 1765 and 1783, resulting in the thirteen American colonies gaining independence from British rule. It was driven by Enlightenment ideas about individual rights, self-governance, and the social contract, which shaped the emerging principles of American constitutionalism. The Revolution also set the stage for significant political changes and the eventual drafting of foundational documents like the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The American Revolution was sparked by colonial grievances over British taxation without representation, leading to widespread protests and calls for independence.
2. Key events of the Revolution include the Boston Tea Party, the battles of Lexington and Concord, and the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
3. The Enlightenment heavily influenced revolutionary leaders like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin, who incorporated Enlightenment ideals into revolutionary rhetoric.
4. The outcome of the Revolution led to the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which recognized American independence and established borders for the new nation.
5. The Revolution ultimately inspired other movements around the world, showcasing how Enlightenment ideas could lead to significant political change.

Review Questions

• How did Enlightenment philosophy shape the motivations behind the American Revolution?
  • Enlightenment philosophy significantly influenced the motivations for the American Revolution by promoting ideas such as individual rights, self-governance, and liberty. Thinkers like John Locke argued that government derives its power from the consent of the governed and that individuals have natural rights that must be protected. These concepts resonated with colonists facing oppressive British policies, ultimately inspiring them to seek independence and establish a government rooted in these Enlightenment principles.
• In what ways did the Declaration of Independence reflect both Enlightenment ideas and the desires of American colonists?
  • The Declaration of Independence embodies Enlightenment ideas by asserting that all men are created equal and possess unalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It serves not only as a formal announcement of separation from Britain but also as a justification for rebellion against tyranny. The document reflects colonists' grievances against British rule while aligning with Enlightenment principles of individual rights and social contracts, emphasizing that governments should derive their authority from the people's consent.
• Evaluate how the outcomes of the American Revolution influenced future constitutional frameworks both in America and globally.
  • The outcomes of the American Revolution had profound effects on constitutional frameworks in America and around the world by demonstrating that a successful revolt against tyranny was possible. The establishment of a republic based on democratic principles inspired subsequent revolutions, including those in France and Latin America. The principles enshrined in documents like the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights became models for democratic governance and human rights protection worldwide, encouraging nations to adopt similar frameworks emphasizing liberty, justice, and equality.

Related terms

Social Contract:

A theory that individuals consent, either explicitly or implicitly, to form a government that protects their rights and promotes the common good.

Federalism:

A system of governance where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states.

Natural Rights:

Rights that individuals are born with and which cannot be taken away, including life, liberty, and property, as articulated by philosophers like John Locke.