Leading Tone

Definition

The leading tone is the seventh scale degree of a diatonic scale that is a half step below the tonic, creating a strong tendency to resolve upward to the tonic note. This tension and resolution relationship is vital in establishing harmonic direction, providing a sense of pull or expectation that enhances the overall musical experience. It plays an essential role in creating tension within harmonies, ultimately leading to satisfying resolutions in melodies and chord progressions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The leading tone is often represented as the seventh degree of the scale, indicated by the note 'B' in the C major scale.
2. In major scales, the leading tone is always a half step below the tonic, which provides a strong resolution when it moves to the tonic note.
3. In minor scales, the leading tone can vary depending on whether it is natural or harmonic, often raising the seventh degree to create tension.
4. Composers frequently utilize the leading tone in cadences, where its upward motion to the tonic creates a satisfying conclusion to phrases.
5. The use of leading tones is crucial in establishing key relationships, as it helps define the tonality and character of musical compositions.

Review Questions

• How does the leading tone contribute to the overall harmonic tension in music?
  • The leading tone creates harmonic tension by being a half step below the tonic, generating a strong desire for resolution. This pull towards the tonic establishes a sense of direction and expectation within a piece. As melodies incorporate leading tones, they heighten emotional impact and guide listeners through musical phrases towards satisfying conclusions.
• Discuss how the concept of leading tones differs between major and minor scales, particularly in terms of their function.
  • In major scales, the leading tone consistently serves as a half step below the tonic, reinforcing its role in creating strong resolutions. In contrast, minor scales can have different forms—natural and harmonic—which alter the seventh degree's function. The raised seventh in harmonic minor strengthens the resolution effect just like in major scales but introduces different tonal colors and emotional nuances that impact overall harmony.
• Evaluate how composers utilize leading tones to create musical tension and resolution across various styles and genres.
  • Composers across various styles leverage leading tones to craft moments of tension that are pivotal in engaging listeners. In classical music, composers may build elaborate phrases culminating in cadences that highlight leading tones. In contemporary genres, such as jazz or pop, leading tones are used to shape hooks or climactic moments within songs. This consistent use emphasizes how effective leading tones are at creating dynamic shifts and guiding emotional journeys through their music.

Related terms

Tonic: The tonic is the first scale degree of a key and serves as the tonal center or home base in Western music.

Diatonic Scale: A diatonic scale consists of seven pitches that follow a specific pattern of whole and half steps, forming the foundation for much of Western music.

Harmonic Progression:

A harmonic progression is a sequence of chords played in succession that creates movement and emotional impact within a piece of music.