Realistic Conflict Theory

Definition

Realistic conflict theory posits that intergroup conflict arises from competition over limited resources, leading to prejudice and discrimination between groups. This theory suggests that when groups perceive that their goals are incompatible, particularly in the context of economic resources or social status, tensions increase, fostering hostility and negative attitudes towards each other.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Realistic conflict theory was developed by Muzafer Sherif in the 1950s, based on his famous Robbers Cave experiment, which demonstrated how competition between groups leads to hostility.
2. The theory highlights that even minimal competition can create significant divisions and negative feelings between groups, even if they initially have neutral or friendly relations.
3. Conflicts can escalate rapidly when groups feel that their resources, such as jobs, land, or social recognition, are threatened by competing groups.
4. Realistic conflict theory provides insights into various societal issues, including racism, nationalism, and intergroup violence, by emphasizing the role of resource competition in shaping group dynamics.
5. To reduce intergroup conflict, strategies such as superordinate goals—objectives that require cooperation between conflicting groups—can be effective in fostering collaboration and reducing prejudice.

Review Questions

• How does realistic conflict theory explain the emergence of prejudice between competing groups?
  • Realistic conflict theory explains that prejudice arises when groups compete for limited resources, leading to perceived threats to their goals and well-being. As groups vie for these resources, they may develop negative stereotypes and hostile attitudes towards one another. This competitive dynamic reinforces ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination, making it difficult for groups to coexist peacefully.
• Discuss how realistic conflict theory can be applied to understand contemporary social issues related to group tensions.
  • Realistic conflict theory can be applied to various contemporary social issues by examining how competition for jobs, housing, or political power leads to intergroup tensions. For instance, economic downturns often heighten competition between different ethnic or social groups, resulting in increased hostility and prejudice. Understanding these dynamics allows for the development of strategies aimed at reducing conflicts through cooperation and shared objectives.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of using superordinate goals as a strategy to mitigate intergroup conflict rooted in realistic conflict theory.
  • Using superordinate goals can be highly effective in mitigating intergroup conflict as it encourages cooperation between rival groups toward a common objective. By focusing on shared interests rather than differences, this approach can help dismantle stereotypes and foster understanding. However, its success largely depends on the willingness of both parties to engage and commit to collaboration; if mistrust remains high or if one group perceives the other as insincere, this strategy may not yield positive outcomes.

Related terms

Ingroup Bias: The tendency for individuals to favor their own group over others, often leading to preferential treatment and positive evaluations of ingroup members.

Scapegoating: The practice of blaming an outgroup for problems or misfortunes, often as a means to divert attention from the true causes of those issues.

Social Identity Theory:

A psychological framework that explains how individuals derive a sense of self from their group memberships, influencing their attitudes and behaviors towards other groups.