The Praise of Folly

Definition

The Praise of Folly is a satirical work written by Erasmus of Rotterdam in 1509, which critiques various societal norms and institutions, particularly the Catholic Church. Through the voice of Folly, Erasmus humorously points out the irrationality and hypocrisy in human behavior, while promoting a return to a more genuine and simple faith. This work reflects the humanist ideals of the Renaissance, emphasizing the revival of classical learning and critical thinking.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Praise of Folly is written as a monologue delivered by Folly herself, who represents foolishness and naivety in both individuals and society.
2. Erasmus uses irony and humor throughout the text to address serious issues such as corruption in the Church, vanity in human nature, and the folly of various social classes.
3. The work has been interpreted as a call for reform within Christianity, advocating for a focus on inner spirituality rather than external rituals.
4. The Praise of Folly helped popularize the concept of 'Christian Humanism,' merging classical humanist ideals with Christian teachings.
5. The book was published in a period marked by growing discontent with Church practices, setting the stage for the Protestant Reformation that followed shortly after.

Review Questions

• How does Erasmus use satire in The Praise of Folly to comment on society's flaws?
  • Erasmus employs satire in The Praise of Folly by allowing Folly to speak candidly about the absurdities and contradictions within society. Through humor and irony, he highlights the foolishness prevalent in religious leaders, scholars, and everyday individuals. This approach not only entertains but also provokes critical reflection on serious topics like hypocrisy in religious practices and vanity among people, ultimately encouraging readers to reconsider their values and beliefs.
• Discuss the impact of The Praise of Folly on the ideas of humanism and religious reform during the Renaissance.
  • The Praise of Folly significantly influenced humanism by demonstrating how classical learning could be applied to contemporary issues. Erasmus' critique of societal norms resonated with humanist thinkers who sought to promote education and moral improvement. Additionally, by addressing corruption within the Church, the work laid groundwork for religious reform movements like Protestantism, as it encouraged people to seek a more personal understanding of faith beyond traditional doctrines.
• Evaluate how The Praise of Folly embodies the ideals of Renaissance humanism while simultaneously challenging established authorities.
  • The Praise of Folly embodies Renaissance humanism by emphasizing individual thought and the importance of classical learning. Erasmus’ witty examination of human folly encourages readers to engage critically with their beliefs rather than passively accept authority. By targeting established institutions like the Catholic Church, he challenges the status quo, advocating for an approach to spirituality that prioritizes genuine faith over ritualistic practices. This dual focus on intellectual inquiry and critique positions The Praise of Folly as a seminal work that not only reflects but also actively shapes Renaissance thought.

Related terms

Erasmus:

A Dutch philosopher and Christian humanist who was a leading figure in the Renaissance and known for his works that promoted education and religious reform.

Humanism:

An intellectual movement during the Renaissance that focused on the study of classical texts, emphasizing human potential and achievements.

Satire: A genre of literature that uses humor, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or mock individuals, institutions, or society as a whole.