Hysteresis

Definition

Hysteresis is a phenomenon where the current state or condition of a system depends not only on its present inputs, but also on its past history or previous states. It describes a situation where the system's response lags behind the changes in the input, creating a 'memory' effect.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hysteresis can be observed in various economic phenomena, such as unemployment, inflation, and exchange rates.
2. In the context of unemployment, hysteresis refers to the tendency of high unemployment rates to persist even after the economic conditions that caused the initial rise in unemployment have improved.
3. Hysteresis can lead to a situation where the economy gets 'stuck' in a high unemployment equilibrium, making it difficult to return to a low unemployment state.
4. Factors that contribute to hysteresis in unemployment include skill depreciation, loss of job search intensity, and changes in social norms and institutions.
5. Hysteresis is also observed in the context of long-run changes in unemployment, where the economy may not return to its original unemployment rate even after the underlying causes of the change have been addressed.

Review Questions

• Explain how the concept of hysteresis relates to the patterns of unemployment observed in an economy.
  • Hysteresis in the context of unemployment refers to the tendency of high unemployment rates to persist even after the economic conditions that initially caused the rise in unemployment have improved. This means that the current level of unemployment depends not only on the present economic conditions, but also on the past history of unemployment. Hysteresis can lead to a situation where the economy gets 'stuck' in a high unemployment equilibrium, making it difficult to return to a low unemployment state. Factors such as skill depreciation, loss of job search intensity, and changes in social norms and institutions contribute to this hysteresis effect in unemployment patterns.
• Describe how the concept of hysteresis can explain the long-run changes in unemployment observed in an economy.
  • Hysteresis can also help explain the long-run changes in unemployment observed in an economy. When there is a shock or change in the underlying factors that influence unemployment, the economy may not return to its original unemployment rate even after the causes of the change have been addressed. This is because the 'memory' effect of hysteresis means that the current unemployment rate is influenced by the past history of unemployment, and not just the present conditions. This persistence of high or low unemployment levels, even after the initial conditions have changed, is a key feature of hysteresis and can have significant implications for the long-run dynamics of unemployment in an economy.
• Analyze how the concept of hysteresis can be used to understand the causes of unemployment around the world, and the challenges in addressing these issues.
  • The concept of hysteresis can provide important insights into the causes of unemployment around the world and the challenges in addressing these issues. Hysteresis suggests that unemployment rates can become 'stuck' at high levels, even after the underlying economic conditions that initially caused the rise in unemployment have improved. This persistence of high unemployment can be attributed to factors such as skill depreciation, loss of job search intensity, and changes in social norms and institutions. These hysteresis effects make it difficult for economies to return to low unemployment states, even with policy interventions. Understanding the role of hysteresis in shaping unemployment patterns is crucial for developing effective strategies to address the causes of unemployment around the world, as it highlights the need to address the 'memory' effect of past unemployment experiences and the path-dependent nature of labor market dynamics.

Related terms

Path Dependence: The principle that the future state of a system depends on the sequence of prior events, rather than just the current conditions.

Persistence: The tendency of a system to remain in its current state, even when the external conditions change, due to the 'memory' effect.

Equilibrium:

The state of a system where the forces acting on it are balanced, and it remains unchanged unless acted upon by an external force.