Lisbon Treaty

Definition

The Lisbon Treaty is an international agreement that amends the two treaties which form the constitutional basis of the European Union (EU), specifically the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Signed in December 2007 and coming into force in December 2009, it aimed to enhance the efficiency and democratic legitimacy of the EU, as well as improve decision-making processes among its member states.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Lisbon Treaty introduced a more streamlined decision-making process by expanding the use of Qualified Majority Voting (QMV) in the Council of the EU, making it easier to reach agreements among member states.
2. It established the position of a permanent President of the European Council to provide greater continuity and representation at the top levels of EU governance.
3. The treaty enhanced the role of the European Parliament, giving it equal legislative powers with the Council in many areas, thereby increasing democratic accountability within the EU.
4. The Lisbon Treaty also incorporated the Charter of Fundamental Rights into EU law, ensuring that fundamental rights are recognized and upheld across all member states.
5. The agreement set out a clearer framework for external relations, enabling the EU to speak with one voice on foreign policy issues through a newly created High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.

Review Questions

• How did the Lisbon Treaty improve decision-making within the European Union?
  • The Lisbon Treaty improved decision-making by expanding the use of Qualified Majority Voting (QMV), which allowed for decisions to be made with fewer votes needed compared to unanimity. This change enabled more efficient handling of legislative processes and made it easier for member states to reach consensus on various issues. Additionally, it streamlined governance by introducing a permanent President of the European Council, enhancing stability in leadership roles.
• What role does the Charter of Fundamental Rights play in relation to the Lisbon Treaty?
  • The Charter of Fundamental Rights was incorporated into EU law through the Lisbon Treaty, which means that it is legally binding on EU institutions and member states when they implement EU law. This incorporation reinforces the commitment to uphold fundamental rights across all member states, ensuring protections related to dignity, freedoms, equality, solidarity, citizens' rights, and justice. It enhances legal certainty for individuals within the EU regarding their rights.
• Evaluate how the Lisbon Treaty has shaped EU foreign policy and its global presence.
  • The Lisbon Treaty significantly shaped EU foreign policy by creating a clearer framework for external relations. It established the position of a High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, which enables the EU to present a united front on international issues. This move has helped increase the EU's visibility and influence on the global stage, allowing it to engage more effectively in diplomacy and negotiations while promoting stability and peace in regions where it has interests.

Related terms

Treaty of Nice: An earlier treaty that reformed the institutional structure of the EU to prepare for future enlargements, signed in 2001.

European Council:

The body that defines the general political direction and priorities of the European Union, consisting of the heads of state or government of EU member states.

Qualified Majority Voting (QMV): A voting system used in the EU that allows decisions to be made based on a specified majority of votes rather than a simple majority, intended to streamline decision-making.