X-ray

Definition

X-rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range of 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz. They are capable of penetrating most substances and are widely used in medical imaging and crystallography.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. X-rays have higher energy and shorter wavelengths than visible light, placing them between ultraviolet light and gamma rays on the electromagnetic spectrum.
2. The energy of X-rays is typically measured in kiloelectron volts (keV), with diagnostic X-rays generally ranging from 20 to 150 keV.
3. X-ray production often involves the acceleration of electrons towards a metal target, where they decelerate rapidly, producing X-rays through bremsstrahlung radiation.
4. In addition to medical imaging, X-rays are used in techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD) for analyzing crystal structures and materials science.
5. Exposure to high doses of X-rays can cause biological damage, making lead shielding necessary for protection during their use.

Review Questions

• What is the typical wavelength range for X-rays?
• $\text{How are X-rays positioned on the electromagnetic spectrum relative to visible light and gamma rays?}$
• $\text{Describe one common method of producing X-rays.}$

Related terms

Electromagnetic Spectrum:

The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, ordered by wavelength or frequency.

Bremsstrahlung Radiation: Radiation produced by the deceleration of charged particles when deflected by other charged particles, typically electrons by atomic nuclei.

$\gamma$-Rays: $\gamma$-Rays are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths shorter than those of X-rays, typically less than $0.01 \text{ nm}$, and originate from nuclear transitions.