Microwaves

Definition

Microwaves are a type of electromagnetic wave with wavelengths ranging from 1 millimeter to 1 meter. They are used in various applications, including communication, radar, and cooking.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Microwaves have frequencies between approximately $300 \text{ MHz}$ and $300 \text{ GHz}$.
2. They are situated between radio waves and infrared radiation on the electromagnetic spectrum.
3. Microwaves can penetrate clouds, smoke, and rain, making them useful for satellite communication and radar.
4. The energy of microwaves is not enough to ionize atoms but is sufficient to cause molecular rotation and heating in water molecules.
5. In microwave ovens, microwaves cause polar molecules in food to rotate and produce thermal energy through dielectric heating.

Review Questions

• What is the frequency range of microwaves?
• Why are microwaves suitable for satellite communication?
• How do microwaves heat food in a microwave oven?

Related terms

Electromagnetic Spectrum:

The range of all types of electromagnetic radiation, characterized by varying wavelengths and frequencies.

Dielectric Heating: A process where polar molecules in a material absorb microwave energy, causing them to rotate and generate heat.

Radar: A system that uses reflected microwaves to detect objects' location, speed, and other characteristics.