Dielectric breakdown

Definition

Dielectric breakdown occurs when an insulating material becomes conductive due to a high electric field, causing it to lose its dielectric properties. This results in a sudden surge of current through the material.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Dielectric breakdown happens when the electric field exceeds a material-specific threshold known as the dielectric strength.
2. Common consequences of dielectric breakdown include permanent damage to the material and electrical components.
3. The breakdown process can generate heat and light, potentially leading to arcing or sparking.
4. Factors like temperature, impurities, and physical defects can lower the dielectric strength of a material.
5. Capacitors are designed to operate below their dielectric strength to avoid breakdown.

Review Questions

• What is the primary cause of dielectric breakdown in an insulating material?
• How does dielectric breakdown affect the performance and integrity of capacitors?
• What factors can influence the dielectric strength of a material?

Related terms

Dielectric Strength:

The maximum electric field that a material can withstand without undergoing dielectric breakdown.

Capacitance:

The ability of a system to store an electric charge per unit voltage across its plates.

Insulator:

A material that resists the flow of electric current and is used to protect or isolate electrical components.