Overtone

Definition

An overtone is a higher frequency standing wave mode that occurs in addition to the fundamental frequency. Overtones contribute to the harmonic series and influence the timbre of sound.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Overtones are integral parts of the harmonic series, where each overtone has a frequency that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency.
2. The first overtone is also known as the second harmonic, the second overtone as the third harmonic, and so on.
3. In musical instruments, overtones help define the characteristic sound or timbre of the instrument.
4. Overtones can be observed in various physical systems such as vibrating strings, air columns in pipes, and even in mechanical oscillators.
5. The amplitude of overtones typically decreases with increasing frequency; higher overtones have less energy than lower ones.

Review Questions

• What is an overtone and how does it relate to fundamental frequency?
• How do overtones contribute to the timbre of a musical instrument?
• Why does the amplitude of overtones usually decrease as their frequency increases?

Related terms

Fundamental Frequency: The lowest frequency produced by any oscillating system, which determines its pitch.

Harmonic Series: A sequence of frequencies that are integer multiples of a fundamental frequency.

Timbre: The quality or color of sound that distinguishes different types of sound production, such as instruments or voices.