Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

Definition

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a method of delivering all essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is used for patients who cannot obtain adequate nutrition through oral or enteral routes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. TPN contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals in a balanced formula tailored to patient needs.
2. It is typically administered through a central venous catheter due to the high osmolarity of the solution.
3. Close monitoring of electrolytes, blood glucose levels, and liver function is essential during TPN therapy.
4. Complications can include infections at the catheter site, metabolic imbalances, and liver dysfunction.
5. TPN requires strict aseptic technique to prevent infection.

Review Questions

• What are the primary components included in a TPN solution?
• Why is TPN usually administered via a central venous catheter?
• What are some common complications associated with TPN therapy?

Related terms

Enteral Nutrition: Providing nutrients directly to the gastrointestinal tract via a feeding tube.

Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN): A less concentrated form of parenteral nutrition that can be administered through peripheral veins.

Central Venous Catheter (CVC): A tube placed into a large vein to administer medications or nutrients directly into the bloodstream.