Osmotic diuretics

Definition

Osmotic diuretics are a class of drugs that promote the excretion of water by increasing urine production. They work by creating an osmotic gradient in the kidneys, pulling water out of the body's tissues and into the urine.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mannitol is the most commonly used osmotic diuretic in clinical settings.
2. Osmotic diuretics are primarily used to reduce intracranial pressure and treat cerebral edema.
3. These drugs are administered intravenously for rapid onset of action.
4. Osmotic diuretics do not significantly affect electrolyte levels compared to other types of diuretics.
5. They can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances if not monitored closely.

Review Questions

• What is the primary medical use of osmotic diuretics?
• How do osmotic diuretics differ from loop and thiazide diuretics in terms of electrolyte balance?
• What is a common adverse effect associated with osmotic diuretics?

Related terms

Mannitol:

A common osmotic diuretic used to decrease intracranial pressure.

Cerebral Edema:

Swelling in the brain caused by excess fluid accumulation.

Intravenous Administration: Delivering medication directly into a vein for rapid effect.