Myelin

Definition

Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates the axons of nerve cells, enabling faster transmission of electrical impulses. It is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Myelin sheaths are produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system.
2. The process of myelination begins in infancy and continues into young adulthood.
3. Deficiency in certain vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin B12, can lead to demyelination and neurological disorders.
4. Myelin damage is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks myelin.
5. Nutritional support through diet and supplements can aid in maintaining healthy myelin sheaths.

Review Questions

• Which cells are responsible for producing myelin in the central nervous system?
• How does vitamin B12 deficiency affect myelin?
• What is a common disease associated with damage to myelin?

Related terms

Oligodendrocytes:

Cells that produce myelin in the central nervous system.

Schwann Cells: Cells that produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system.

Demyelination:

The loss or damage of myelin sheaths surrounding nerve fibers.