Mutations

Definition

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of a cell's genome. These alterations can affect the function of genes and may lead to cancer if they occur in certain genes involved in cell growth and division.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mutations can be caused by various factors, including environmental exposures like chemicals, radiation, and viruses.
2. Not all mutations lead to cancer; only those that disrupt normal cell regulatory mechanisms can contribute to cancer development.
3. Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are common targets for mutations that result in cancer.
4. Mutations can be hereditary (germline) or acquired (somatic), with somatic mutations being more common in cancers.
5. The effectiveness of certain cancer therapies can depend on the specific mutations present in a tumor.

Review Questions

• What are two main types of genetic mutations relevant to cancer?
• How do oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes relate to mutations and cancer?
• Why is it important for cancer therapies to consider specific mutations within a tumor?

Related terms

Oncogene:

A gene that has the potential to cause cancer when mutated or expressed at high levels.

Tumor Suppressor Gene:

A gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer, often involved in regulating cell growth.

Somatic Mutation: A mutation that occurs in non-germline cells and cannot be inherited but can lead to cancer.