Hypotonic solutions

Definition

Hypotonic solutions are intravenous fluids with a lower concentration of solutes compared to the intracellular fluid. They cause water to move into cells, leading to cellular swelling.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hypotonic solutions are often used to treat patients with dehydration and hypernatremia.
2. Common examples include 0.45% sodium chloride (half-normal saline) and 0.33% sodium chloride.
3. These solutions should be administered carefully as they can lead to cellular edema and increased intracranial pressure.
4. They are contraindicated in patients with head injuries, burn victims, or those at risk for third-space fluid shifts.
5. Monitoring of electrolyte levels and patient status is crucial when administering hypotonic solutions.

Review Questions

• What conditions might warrant the use of hypotonic solutions?
• Why must hypotonic solutions be administered cautiously?
• Name two common examples of hypotonic solutions.

Related terms

Isotonic Solutions:

Intravenous fluids with an equal concentration of solutes as the blood plasma.

Hypertonic Solutions:

Intravenous fluids with a higher concentration of solutes compared to the intracellular fluid.

Osmolarity:

A measure of solute concentration defined as the number of osmoles of solute per liter of solution.