Hypophosphatemia

Definition

Hypophosphatemia is a condition characterized by an abnormally low level of phosphate in the blood. Phosphate is crucial for various bodily functions, including bone health and energy production.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Normal serum phosphate levels range from 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL, and hypophosphatemia is defined as levels below 2.5 mg/dL.
2. Common causes include malnutrition, chronic alcoholism, and certain medications such as antacids containing aluminum or calcium.
3. Symptoms can range from muscle weakness and respiratory failure to more severe neurological symptoms like seizures when phosphate levels are extremely low.
4. Treatment often involves oral or intravenous phosphate supplements, depending on the severity of the deficiency.
5. Nurses should monitor patients on antacids or other medications that may cause hypophosphatemia to prevent complications.

Review Questions

• What are the normal serum phosphate levels?
• Name three common causes of hypophosphatemia.
• What are some possible symptoms of severe hypophosphatemia?

Related terms

Hyperphosphatemia:

A condition where there is an abnormally high level of phosphate in the blood.

Antacid: A substance that neutralizes stomach acidity.

Electrolyte Imbalance:

An abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body, which can affect physiological functions.