Glomerular filtration

Definition

Glomerular filtration is the process by which the kidneys filter blood, removing excess wastes and fluids to form urine. It occurs in the glomeruli of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a measure of how well your kidneys are filtering blood.
2. A normal GFR varies with age, sex, and body size but is typically around 90-120 mL/min/1.73 m² in healthy adults.
3. Glomerular filtration relies on blood pressure to force water and solutes through the glomerular capillaries into Bowman's capsule.
4. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) often results from a decreased GFR over time.
5. Medications like ACE inhibitors can affect GFR by altering blood flow to the kidneys.

Review Questions

• What is glomerular filtration and where does it occur?
• How does blood pressure influence glomerular filtration?
• Why might a clinician monitor a patient's GFR?

Related terms

Nephron:

The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.

Bowman's Capsule:

A cup-like structure that encases the glomerulus and collects filtrate from the blood.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): A long-term condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time.