Cations

Definition

Cations are positively charged ions that result from the loss of one or more electrons. They play crucial roles in various physiological processes, including nerve transmission and muscle contraction.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), and magnesium (Mg2+) are common cations in the human body.
2. Cations help maintain fluid balance and proper cell function by participating in osmosis and electrical gradients.
3. The sodium-potassium pump is an essential mechanism that uses cations to regulate cellular homeostasis.
4. Imbalances of cations can lead to serious health issues such as hyperkalemia or hypocalcemia.
5. Medications like diuretics can affect cation levels, impacting homeostasis.

Review Questions

• What is a cation and how is it formed?
• Name two physiological processes that involve cations.
• How do imbalances in cation levels affect the body?

Related terms

anion: Anions are negatively charged ions that result from the gain of one or more electrons.

electrolyte: Electrolytes are minerals in the body fluids that carry an electric charge, including both cations and anions.

homeostasis: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.