Bipolar disorder

Definition

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings, including emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). It affects a person's energy levels, activity, sleep patterns, and ability to think clearly.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bipolar disorder often requires long-term treatment with mood stabilizers such as lithium, antipsychotics, or anticonvulsants.
2. Manic episodes involve increased energy, reduced need for sleep, and impulsive behavior.
3. Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder can lead to significant impairments in daily functioning and may require antidepressant treatment.
4. The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown but it involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurochemical factors.
5. Pharmacologic treatment aims to balance mood swings and prevent the recurrence of manic or depressive episodes.

Review Questions

• What are the primary symptoms of mania in bipolar disorder?
• Which types of medications are commonly used to treat bipolar disorder?
• How does bipolar disorder differ from major depressive disorder?

Related terms

Mood Stabilizers:

Medications used to treat the mood swings associated with bipolar disorder.

Antidepressants:

Medications primarily used to treat depression that can also be part of the treatment plan for bipolar disorder.

Mania:

A state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy level often seen in bipolar disorder.