Adenosine diphosphate

Definition

Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a nucleotide involved in energy transfer within cells and plays a crucial role in platelet aggregation during clot formation. It is converted to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) depending on cellular energy needs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ADP is released by activated platelets and promotes the recruitment of additional platelets to form a clot.
2. Inhibitors of ADP receptors on platelets are used as antiplatelet drugs to prevent clot formation.
3. The conversion of ADP to ATP provides the energy required for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction and neurotransmission.
4. ADP receptors, such as P2Y12, are targets for drugs like clopidogrel that prevent thrombotic events.
5. Abnormal levels of ADP can lead to disorders in blood clotting, either excessive thrombosis or bleeding tendencies.

Review Questions

• What role does ADP play in platelet aggregation?
• How do ADP receptor inhibitors function as antiplatelet drugs?
• Why is the balance between ADP, ATP, and AMP important for cellular functions?

Related terms

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): A high-energy molecule that stores and supplies energy for many biochemical processes.

Platelet Aggregation:

The clumping together of platelets in the blood as part of wound healing.

Clopidogrel:

An antiplatelet medication that inhibits the P2Y12 component of ADP receptors on platelets.