Traumatic brain injury

Definition

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disruption in the normal function of the brain caused by an external force such as a blow or jolt to the head. TBIs can range from mild concussions to severe brain damage and impact various neurological functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Nutrition plays a critical role in recovery from TBI, with specific nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants aiding in neural repair.
2. Patients with TBI often require increased caloric intake due to hypermetabolism and catabolism during the recovery phase.
3. Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly in vitamins D and E, have been linked to poorer outcomes in TBI patients.
4. Enteral nutrition is frequently used for TBI patients who are unable to consume food orally due to impaired consciousness or swallowing difficulties.
5. Proper hydration is crucial for TBI patients, as dehydration can exacerbate neurological deficits and delay recovery.

Review Questions

• What role do omega-3 fatty acids play in the recovery of traumatic brain injury?
• Why might TBI patients require increased caloric intake during their recovery phase?
• How can micronutrient deficiencies affect the outcomes of TBI patients?

Related terms

Neuroplasticity:

The brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life.

Hypermetabolism: An increased metabolic rate that often occurs after severe injuries, including TBIs.

Enteral Nutrition:

A method of feeding that uses the gastrointestinal tract, such as tube feeding, for patients who cannot eat normally.