Surfactant

Definition

A surfactant is a substance that reduces surface tension, allowing for easier spreading and mixing of liquids. In the lungs, it helps keep the airways open by reducing the surface tension of fluids lining the alveoli.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Pulmonary surfactants are crucial for proper lung function as they prevent alveolar collapse during exhalation.
2. Surfactants are composed primarily of lipids and proteins, with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) being a major component.
3. A deficiency in surfactant production or function can lead to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), particularly in premature infants.
4. Nutritional factors such as adequate intake of essential fatty acids and vitamins A and D are important for optimal surfactant production and function.
5. Certain conditions like acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can impair surfactant function, making nutritional support critical for recovery.

Review Questions

• What role do surfactants play in maintaining lung function?
• Which nutrient deficiencies can impact the production of pulmonary surfactants?
• How does a lack of surfactant contribute to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?

Related terms

Alveoli:

Small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS): A condition often seen in premature infants due to insufficient surfactant production.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A severe condition characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs that impairs surfactant function.