Resting membrane potential

Definition

Resting membrane potential is the electrical charge difference across a cell membrane when the cell is in a non-excited state. It is essential for maintaining the proper function of neurons and muscle cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The typical resting membrane potential of a neuron is around -70 mV.
2. Resting membrane potential is maintained by ion pumps, primarily the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ ATPase).
3. An imbalance in electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, can disrupt resting membrane potential and affect neurological function.
4. Adequate nutrition, including sufficient intake of electrolytes and vitamins like B12 and D, supports healthy resting membrane potentials.
5. Changes in resting membrane potential can lead to neurological disorders such as seizures or neuropathies.

Review Questions

• What is the typical value of resting membrane potential in neurons?
• Which ion pump plays a crucial role in maintaining the resting membrane potential?
• How can nutritional deficiencies impact the resting membrane potential?

Related terms

Action Potential: A rapid change in membrane potential that occurs when a neuron sends an electrical signal.

Sodium-Potassium Pump: A cellular mechanism that uses ATP to exchange intracellular sodium ions for extracellular potassium ions.

Electrolytes:

Minerals in body fluids that carry an electric charge and are vital for many bodily functions including maintaining resting membrane potentials.