Proteolysis

Definition

Proteolysis is the breakdown of proteins into smaller polypeptides or amino acids. This process is essential for digestion, cellular regulation, and recycling of proteins.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Proteolysis occurs primarily in the stomach and small intestine during digestion.
2. Enzymes like pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin play key roles in proteolysis.
3. Proteolytic enzymes are secreted in an inactive form called zymogens to prevent auto-digestion.
4. Besides digestion, proteolysis helps regulate cellular functions by degrading misfolded or damaged proteins.
5. Impaired proteolysis can lead to various health issues including digestive disorders and protein aggregation diseases.

Review Questions

• What role does proteolysis play in the digestive system?
• Name three enzymes involved in the process of proteolysis.
• Why are proteolytic enzymes secreted as zymogens?

Related terms

Pepsin:

A digestive enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach into smaller peptides.

Trypsin:

An enzyme produced in the pancreas that further digests proteins in the small intestine.

Zymogen: An inactive precursor of an enzyme that requires a biochemical change to become active.