Parenteral nutrition

Definition

Parenteral nutrition is the intravenous administration of nutrients, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract. It is used when patients cannot consume or absorb nutrients via the digestive system.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Parenteral nutrition can either be total (TPN) or partial (PPN), depending on whether it meets all nutritional needs.
2. Common indications include severe Crohn's disease, short bowel syndrome, and bowel obstruction.
3. Complications can include infections, liver dysfunction, and metabolic imbalances.
4. It requires careful monitoring of electrolytes, glucose levels, and fluid balance.
5. Parenteral nutrition solutions typically contain a mix of glucose, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.

Review Questions

• What are the primary differences between Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) and Partial Parenteral Nutrition (PPN)?
• List three common complications associated with parenteral nutrition.
• Why might a patient require parenteral nutrition instead of enteral feeding?

Related terms

Enteral Nutrition:

Nutritional support provided through the gastrointestinal tract using a tube feeding formula.

Short Bowel Syndrome: A condition where nutrient absorption is impaired due to surgical removal or congenital defect of parts of the small intestine.

Central Venous Catheter: A tube placed into a large vein in the neck, chest, or groin for administering medications or nutrients directly into the bloodstream.