Minerals

Definition

Minerals are inorganic elements essential for various physiological functions and overall health. They play critical roles in bone formation, enzyme function, and maintaining fluid balance.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Minerals are classified into two categories: macrominerals and trace minerals.
2. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and is crucial for bone health.
3. Iron is a key component of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood.
4. Electrolytes like sodium, potassium, and magnesium help regulate nerve and muscle function as well as fluid balance.
5. Deficiency or excess of certain minerals can lead to serious health issues such as anemia (iron deficiency) or hypertension (excess sodium).

Review Questions

• What are the two main categories of minerals?
• Which mineral is essential for oxygen transport in the blood?
• Name three electrolytes that play a role in regulating nerve and muscle function.

Related terms

Macrominerals:

Minerals needed by the body in larger amounts, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium.

Trace Minerals:

Minerals required by the body in smaller amounts, including iron, zinc, copper.

Electrolytes:

Minerals that carry an electric charge and are vital for nerve transmission and muscle contraction.