Homocysteine

Definition

Homocysteine is an amino acid produced in the body during the metabolism of methionine. Elevated levels of homocysteine can be a risk factor for various neurological disorders and cardiovascular diseases.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. High levels of homocysteine are associated with an increased risk of stroke and Alzheimer's disease.
2. Vitamins B6, B12, and folate help to lower homocysteine levels in the blood.
3. Elevated homocysteine levels can result from genetic factors, poor diet, or certain medical conditions.
4. Homocysteine acts as a neurotoxin when present in high concentrations, potentially leading to neuronal damage.
5. Regular monitoring of homocysteine levels may be important for patients with a history of neurological conditions.

Review Questions

• What vitamins are essential for lowering homocysteine levels?
• How does elevated homocysteine affect neurological health?
• What are some causes of elevated homocysteine levels?

Related terms

Methionine:

An essential amino acid that is metabolized into homocysteine.

Folate:

A B-vitamin that helps regulate homocysteine levels by assisting in its conversion back to methionine or cysteine.

Neurotoxin: A substance that damages or impairs the function of neural tissue.