Autonomic nervous system

Definition

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate. It operates through two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The ANS regulates essential bodily functions that are not under conscious control.
2. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which have opposing effects.
3. Proper nutrition can impact the functioning of the ANS by affecting neurotransmitter production and balance.
4. Dysfunction in the ANS can lead to disorders like hypertension, digestive issues, and metabolic imbalances.
5. Nutritional deficiencies, such as lack of B vitamins or omega-3 fatty acids, can impair ANS function.

Review Questions

• What are the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system and their primary functions?
• How does nutrition influence the functioning of the autonomic nervous system?
• Name at least one disorder associated with autonomic nervous system dysfunction and its nutritional implications.

Related terms

Sympathetic Nervous System: Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for 'fight or flight' responses.

Parasympathetic Nervous System: Part of the autonomic nervous system responsible for 'rest and digest' activities.

Neurotransmitters:

Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another in the nervous system.