Antidiuretic hormone (ADH

Definition

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a peptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It regulates water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. ADH plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure by controlling fluid balance.
2. High levels of ADH can lead to conditions like syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), resulting in water retention and hyponatremia.
3. Low levels of ADH are associated with diabetes insipidus, characterized by excessive urination and thirst.
4. The release of ADH is stimulated by increased plasma osmolality or decreased blood volume.
5. Alcohol inhibits the secretion of ADH, leading to increased urine production and potential dehydration.

Review Questions

• What is the primary function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in the body?
• How does alcohol consumption affect ADH levels?
• Which condition is characterized by low levels of ADH and what are its symptoms?

Related terms

Osmolality: A measure of solute concentration per unit weight of solvent, important for regulating fluid balance.

Diabetes Insipidus: A disorder caused by insufficient production or response to ADH, leading to large volumes of dilute urine.

Hyponatremia:

An electrolyte imbalance characterized by low sodium levels in the blood, often linked to excessive ADH activity.