Alcohol

Definition

Alcohol is a psychoactive substance that can depress the central nervous system. It is commonly consumed in beverages and has various effects on physical and mental health depending on the amount ingested.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Alcohol is metabolized primarily in the liver by enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase.
2. Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to nutritional deficiencies, particularly of B vitamins like thiamine and folate.
3. Alcohol has a significant impact on neurological health, potentially leading to conditions such as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
4. Excessive alcohol intake is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and cardiomyopathy.
5. Nurses must be aware of the signs of alcohol withdrawal, which can include tremors, agitation, and seizures.

Review Questions

• What enzyme primarily metabolizes alcohol in the liver?
• Which neurological condition is associated with chronic alcohol consumption due to vitamin B deficiency?
• How does excessive alcohol intake affect cardiovascular health?

Related terms

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome:

A neurological disorder caused by a deficiency in thiamine (vitamin B1), often associated with chronic alcoholism.

Alcohol Dehydrogenase: An enzyme that helps break down alcohol in the liver.

Cardiomyopathy: A disease of the heart muscle that can be exacerbated by chronic alcohol abuse.