Self-Determination Era

Definition

The Self-Determination Era refers to a period starting in the 1960s during which Native American tribes began to assert their rights to self-governance and cultural preservation, moving away from policies of assimilation and termination. This era was marked by significant legislative and legal advancements that recognized tribal sovereignty and promoted community autonomy, reshaping the relationship between tribes and the federal government.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Self-Determination Era was significantly influenced by the civil rights movement, which inspired many Native Americans to advocate for their rights and sovereignty.
2. Key legislation during this era included the Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975, which empowered tribes to manage their own programs and services.
3. The era led to the establishment of tribal governments that operated independently from federal control, strengthening the political autonomy of tribes.
4. Self-determination efforts were bolstered by landmark Supreme Court cases that recognized and affirmed tribal sovereignty and rights.
5. The Self-Determination Era continues to influence contemporary tribal governance, economic development, and cultural revitalization efforts.

Review Questions

• How did the civil rights movement influence the Self-Determination Era for Native American tribes?
  • The civil rights movement played a crucial role in inspiring Native American activism during the Self-Determination Era. It highlighted issues of inequality and injustice faced by marginalized groups, including Native Americans. As activists sought to assert their rights, they drew parallels between their struggles for recognition and the broader fight for civil rights, leading to increased advocacy for tribal sovereignty and self-governance.
• Evaluate the impact of the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act on tribal governance during the Self-Determination Era.
  • The Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act had a transformative impact on tribal governance by allowing tribes to take control of federal programs that served their communities. This shift not only promoted self-governance but also ensured that programs were tailored to the specific needs and cultural contexts of tribes. By empowering tribes to manage their own education and social services, this legislation reinforced the principles of autonomy and self-determination central to the era.
• Assess how the Self-Determination Era has shaped modern tribal governance and community initiatives today.
  • The Self-Determination Era has profoundly shaped modern tribal governance by establishing a framework for self-governance that continues to empower tribes today. The legal precedents set during this time have reinforced tribal sovereignty, allowing communities to pursue initiatives in economic development, health care, education, and cultural preservation. As a result, many tribes are now thriving as they implement self-directed strategies that reflect their unique cultural identities and community needs.

Related terms

Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act:

A 1975 law that allowed tribes to take control of federal programs serving their communities, promoting self-governance and culturally relevant education.

Tribal Sovereignty: The inherent authority of indigenous tribes to govern themselves, make their own laws, and manage their own affairs without interference from external authorities.

Termination Policy: A federal policy from the 1950s aimed at assimilating Native Americans into mainstream society by terminating the recognition of tribes and their associated rights.