Interval

Definition

An interval is the distance between two pitches, measured by the number of scale degrees or semitones that separate them. This concept is essential in understanding melody and harmony, as it helps to define relationships between notes in music. Intervals can be classified as harmonic, occurring when two pitches are played simultaneously, or melodic, when they are played in succession.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Intervals can be classified into various types such as major, minor, perfect, augmented, and diminished based on their size and quality.
2. The interval's size is typically described by counting the number of letter names from the first note to the second note, including both notes.
3. Intervals are often labeled with numbers (e.g., a third, fifth) and qualities (e.g., major, minor) to provide specific information about their sound.
4. Understanding intervals is crucial for building chords and melodies, as they serve as the building blocks of harmony.
5. In Western music theory, intervals can also be inverted; for example, a major third can be inverted to become a minor sixth.

Review Questions

• How does the classification of intervals into different types enhance our understanding of melody and harmony?
  • Classifying intervals into types such as major, minor, perfect, augmented, and diminished helps musicians understand how different distances between pitches affect the overall sound of a piece. This knowledge allows composers to create specific emotional effects and establish tonal relationships within their music. By recognizing these classifications, musicians can effectively communicate ideas about tension and resolution in melody and harmony.
• In what ways do semitones play a crucial role in defining the structure of intervals?
  • Semitones are foundational in defining the structure of intervals because they represent the smallest unit of pitch difference in Western music. By measuring intervals in semitones, musicians can accurately determine the distance between notes and classify them. For instance, a major third consists of four semitones while a minor third consists of three semitones. This precise measurement enables musicians to understand and create specific harmonic relationships.
• Evaluate the significance of interval inversion in music composition and how it affects the overall harmony of a piece.
  • Interval inversion is significant because it transforms the relationships between pitches while preserving the essential character of the original interval. For example, when a major third is inverted to form a minor sixth, the notes remain within the same harmonic context but offer different resolutions and tensions. This technique allows composers to vary their harmonic progressions and create more dynamic musical structures, enhancing the emotional impact and complexity of their compositions.

Related terms

Semitone: The smallest musical interval commonly used in Western music, equivalent to one half step on the piano.

Scale Degree: The position of a note within a scale, usually numbered from the root note to the highest note in the scale.

Chord: A combination of three or more pitches played together, formed by stacking intervals on top of each other.