Vulva

Definition

The vulva is the external part of the female genitalia, encompassing structures such as the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and the opening of the vagina and urethra. It plays a critical role in protecting internal urogenital organs from infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The vulva contains sebaceous glands that secrete substances to protect against microbial infections.
2. Normal microbiota of the vulva includes Lactobacillus species which help maintain an acidic environment to inhibit pathogen growth.
3. Vulvar infections can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, with common pathogens including Candida albicans and human papillomavirus (HPV).
4. The pH level of the vulva's skin can influence susceptibility to infections; a disrupted pH can lead to conditions like bacterial vaginosis.
5. Proper hygiene and maintaining a balanced microbiota are essential for preventing urogenital infections in the vulvar area.

Review Questions

• What role do Lactobacillus species play in maintaining vulvar health?
• Name two common pathogens that can infect the vulva.
• How does the pH level of the vulva affect its susceptibility to infections?

Related terms

Labia Majora: Outer folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening.

Labia Minora: Inner folds situated within the labia majora that surround the openings to the vagina and urethra.

Clitoris:

An erectile structure located at the anterior part of the vulva, highly sensitive to stimulation.