Vectors

Definition

Vectors are DNA molecules used as vehicles to transfer genetic material into a host cell in genetic engineering. They are essential tools for cloning, sequencing, and manipulating genes.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Vectors often carry antibiotic resistance genes that help in selecting transformed cells.
2. Common types of vectors include plasmids, bacteriophages, cosmids, and artificial chromosomes.
3. Vectors must have an origin of replication (ori) to replicate within the host cell.
4. Multiple cloning sites (MCS) within vectors allow for the insertion of foreign DNA at specific locations.
5. Selectable markers in vectors are used to identify cells that have successfully incorporated the vector.

Review Questions

• What role do antibiotic resistance genes play in vectors?
• Name three common types of vectors used in genetic engineering.
• Why is an origin of replication important for a vector?

Related terms

Plasmids:

Small, circular DNA molecules that can replicate independently and are commonly used as vectors.

Transformation:

The process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell.

Selectable Markers: Genes within a vector that confer traits like antibiotic resistance to help identify successful transformations.