Transposition

Definition

Transposition is the process by which a DNA sequence, known as a transposable element, can change its position within the genome. This can result in mutations and contribute to genetic diversity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Transposable elements, or 'jumping genes,' are sequences of DNA that can move to new positions within the genome.
2. There are two main types of transposable elements: insertion sequences and transposons.
3. Transposition can lead to mutations if the transposable element inserts into a functional gene or regulatory region.
4. The enzyme transposase facilitates the movement of transposable elements by cutting and rejoining DNA strands.
5. Transposition plays a significant role in horizontal gene transfer, contributing to genetic diversity in microbial populations.

Review Questions

• What is the role of transposase in the process of transposition?
• How can transposition lead to genetic mutations?
• What are the two main types of transposable elements?

Related terms

Horizontal Gene Transfer:

The transfer of genetic material between organisms other than through vertical transmission (inheritance).

Mutation:

A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA.

Insertion Sequence: A simple type of transposable element consisting only of genes necessary for its own movement.