Trachoma

Definition

Trachoma is a bacterial infection of the eye caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, leading to inflammation and possible blindness if untreated. It is a significant cause of preventable blindness worldwide.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Trachoma is primarily spread through direct contact with infected eye secretions or contaminated objects.
2. Repeated infections can lead to scarring of the eyelid, which causes the eyelashes to turn inward (trichiasis) and damage the cornea.
3. It is common in regions with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water.
4. The World Health Organization (WHO) has implemented the SAFE strategy (Surgery, Antibiotics, Facial cleanliness, Environmental improvement) to combat trachoma.
5. Diagnosis often involves clinical examination and laboratory tests like PCR for Chlamydia trachomatis.

Review Questions

• What bacterium causes trachoma?
• Describe how repeated trachoma infections can lead to blindness.
• What are the components of the WHO's SAFE strategy for combating trachoma?

Related terms

Chlamydia trachomatis:

A gram-negative bacterium that causes various infections including trachoma.

Trichiasis: A condition where eyelashes grow inward towards the eye, often resulting from repeated trachoma infections.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction):

A laboratory technique used to amplify DNA sequences, useful in diagnosing bacterial infections like trachoma.