Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by the unicellular eukaryotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It primarily affects the circulatory and lymphatic systems, often with mild symptoms in healthy individuals but can cause serious complications in immunocompromised patients and during pregnancy.
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Toxoplasma gondii is transmitted primarily through ingestion of undercooked contaminated meat, exposure to infected cat feces, or congenital transmission from mother to fetus.
The parasite has a complex life cycle involving both sexual reproduction in cats and asexual reproduction in other hosts including humans.
Diagnosis is typically made through serological testing for specific antibodies against T. gondii.
Treatment often includes antimicrobial drugs such as pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, especially for severe cases or immunocompromised patients.
Preventive measures include proper food handling, cooking meat thoroughly, and avoiding contact with cat litter during pregnancy.
Review Questions
What are the primary modes of transmission for Toxoplasma gondii?
How is toxoplasmosis typically diagnosed in humans?
Which antimicrobial drugs are commonly used to treat toxoplasmosis?