Syphilis

Definition

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It progresses through distinct stages and can lead to serious health complications if left untreated.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Syphilis is diagnosed using staining techniques such as darkfield microscopy and serological tests like agglutination assays.
2. The causative agent, Treponema pallidum, is a Gram-negative spirochete that cannot be cultured in vitro.
3. Syphilis has four stages: primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary, each with distinct clinical manifestations.
4. Fluorescent antibody techniques are often employed for direct detection of Treponema pallidum in tissue samples.
5. Untreated syphilis can result in severe complications including cardiovascular and neurological damage.

Review Questions

• What microscopic technique is commonly used to diagnose syphilis?
• Name the bacterium that causes syphilis and describe its Gram stain characteristics.
• List the four stages of syphilis and one key characteristic of each stage.

Related terms

Treponema pallidum:

A Gram-negative spirochete responsible for causing syphilis.

Darkfield Microscopy:

A technique used to visualize live bacteria like Treponema pallidum by enhancing contrast.

Agglutination Assay: A serological test used to detect antibodies or antigens in various infections including syphilis.