Sinusitis

Definition

Sinusitis is the inflammation or swelling of the tissue lining the sinuses, often caused by infections. It can be classified as acute, subacute, chronic, or recurrent based on its duration and frequency.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sinusitis is commonly caused by viral infections but bacterial and fungal infections can also be culprits.
2. Symptoms include nasal congestion, facial pain/pressure, and a reduced sense of smell.
3. The most common bacterial pathogens involved in sinusitis are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
4. Chronic sinusitis persists for more than 12 weeks despite treatment efforts.
5. Diagnosis often involves clinical examination and may include imaging studies like CT scans to confirm.

Review Questions

• What are the primary causes of sinusitis?
• Which bacterial pathogens are most commonly associated with sinusitis?
• How is chronic sinusitis defined in terms of duration?

Related terms

Streptococcus pneumoniae:

A gram-positive bacterium commonly implicated in respiratory tract infections including sinusitis.

Haemophilus influenzae:

A gram-negative bacterium that can cause respiratory tract infections such as sinusitis.

Rhinitis:

Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane which can sometimes lead to or accompany sinusitis.