Respiratory system

Definition

The respiratory system consists of organs and structures involved in gas exchange, including the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. It serves as a primary entry point for pathogens causing respiratory infections.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx.
2. Normal microbiota in the upper respiratory tract can prevent pathogenic colonization through competitive inhibition.
3. Common pathogens affecting the respiratory system include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
4. Lower respiratory tract infections are generally more severe than those of the upper respiratory tract.
5. Factors like smoking and immunosuppression can increase susceptibility to respiratory infections.

Review Questions

• What are the primary structures involved in the human respiratory system?
• How does normal microbiota in the upper respiratory tract help prevent infections?
• Name two common pathogens that can cause respiratory system infections.

Related terms

Normal Microbiota: Microorganisms that normally reside at a given site in the body without causing disease.

Pathogen:

An organism that causes disease.

Immunosuppression:

A reduction of the efficacy of the immune system's ability to fight infections or diseases.