Polysaccharides

Definition

Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds. They serve various functions including energy storage and providing structural support in microbial cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Polysaccharides such as cellulose, glycogen, and starch play crucial roles in microbial cell structure and energy storage.
2. They are formed through dehydration synthesis where water molecules are removed during the bonding of monosaccharides.
3. In microbiology, polysaccharides constitute important components of biofilms which protect microbial colonies.
4. Some polysaccharides serve as antigens on microbial surfaces, aiding in immune system recognition.
5. Enzymes like amylase and cellulase break down polysaccharides into simpler sugars for cellular metabolism.

Review Questions

• What roles do polysaccharides play in microbial cells?
• How are polysaccharides structurally different from monosaccharides?
• Name an enzyme that breaks down polysaccharides and describe its function.

Related terms

Monosaccharide: A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose.

Glycosidic Bond:

A type of covalent bond that joins a carbohydrate (sugar) molecule to another molecule.

Biofilm:

A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix.