Polypeptide

Definition

A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds, forming the primary structure of proteins. These chains fold into specific three-dimensional shapes essential for their biological functions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Polypeptides are synthesized during translation in ribosomes.
2. The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide determines its final shape and function.
3. Peptide bonds are formed through a dehydration reaction between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.
4. Polypeptides can undergo post-translational modifications which affect their activity and function.
5. Enzymes are proteins that often consist of one or more polypeptides.

Review Questions

• What type of bond links amino acids together in a polypeptide?
• How does the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide affect its function?
• Where in the cell are polypeptides synthesized?

Related terms

Amino Acid:

Building blocks of proteins, consisting of an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen atom, and R group.

Peptide Bond:

A covalent bond that links two amino acids together in a polypeptide.

Protein Folding:

The process by which a polypeptide folds into its characteristic three-dimensional structure.