Pneumonia

Definition

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi and results in symptoms such as cough, fever, and difficulty breathing.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia.
2. Viruses like influenza can also lead to viral pneumonia.
3. Antibiotic resistance is a significant concern in treating bacterial pneumonia.
4. Modes of transmission include inhalation of airborne droplets from a cough or sneeze.
5. The normal microbiota of the respiratory tract can provide a defense against pathogens causing pneumonia.

Review Questions

• What are the common causative agents of pneumonia?
• How does antibiotic resistance impact the treatment of bacterial pneumonia?
• What role does the normal microbiota play in preventing respiratory infections like pneumonia?

Related terms

Streptococcus pneumoniae:

A Gram-positive bacterium commonly responsible for bacterial pneumonia.

Antibiotic Resistance:

The ability of bacteria to resist the effects of an antibiotic.

Respiratory Tract Microbiota: Microorganisms normally present in the respiratory system that help protect against infections.