Placenta

Definition

The placenta is an organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and facilitates the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the mother and fetus. It also plays a role in protecting the fetus from infections through various immunological mechanisms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The placenta acts as a barrier to many pathogens but can be breached by some microorganisms, leading to congenital infections.
2. Certain bacteria, viruses, and parasites can cross the placental barrier and cause harm to the developing fetus.
3. Placental cells produce immunoglobulins that contribute to fetal immune defense.
4. Vaccines given during pregnancy can help protect both mother and child by boosting maternal antibodies that cross the placenta.
5. The placenta has surface receptors for various pathogens which can influence its susceptibility to infection.

Review Questions

• How does the placenta contribute to fetal immunity?
• What are some pathogens known to cross the placental barrier?
• How do maternal vaccines impact fetal health via the placenta?

Related terms

Congenital Infection: An infection present at birth acquired from the mother during pregnancy.

Immunoglobulins:

Antibodies produced by plasma cells that play a crucial role in immune response.

Vertical Transmission:

The transmission of an infection from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.