Phosphate group

Definition

A phosphate group is a molecule consisting of one phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. It plays a crucial role in energy transfer and storage within cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Phosphate groups are key components of ATP, the primary energy carrier in cells.
2. They participate in phosphorylation, which regulates enzyme activity and metabolic pathways.
3. Phosphate groups are involved in the formation of nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA.
4. In cellular respiration, phosphate groups help generate ATP through substrate-level and oxidative phosphorylation.
5. They contribute to the structural integrity of cellular membranes by being part of phospholipids.

Review Questions

• What role does a phosphate group play in ATP?
• How do phosphate groups regulate enzyme activity?
• Why are phosphate groups important for nucleic acids?

Related terms

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate):

A molecule that stores and transfers energy within cells.

Phosphorylation: The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, often regulating its function.

Nucleic Acids:

Biomolecules, such as DNA and RNA, that carry genetic information.