Phenol

Definition

Phenol is an aromatic compound used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. It acts by denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes, making it effective for microbial control.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Phenol was one of the first antiseptics used in surgery, introduced by Joseph Lister in the 19th century.
2. It is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and some viruses.
3. Phenol can be toxic to humans at high concentrations and can cause skin irritation upon contact.
4. In microbiology labs, phenol is used to decontaminate surfaces and equipment.
5. Although effective, phenol has largely been replaced by less toxic compounds in modern medical practice.

Review Questions

• What mechanism does phenol use to kill microorganisms?
• Why has phenol been largely replaced by other disinfectants in medical settings?
• Which famous surgeon popularized the use of phenol as an antiseptic?

Related terms

Disinfectant: A chemical agent used to destroy or inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms on surfaces.

Antiseptic:

A substance that prevents infection by inhibiting the growth of infectious agents on living tissue.

Joseph Lister:

A British surgeon known for pioneering antiseptic surgery using phenol.